Erectile dysfunction (ED)

Causes of erectile dysfunction

What is erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for his sexual needs or the needs of his partner. Most men experience this inability at some point in their lives, usually by age 40, and are not psychologically affected by it. Some men experience chronic, complete erectile dysfunction (impotence), and others achieve partial or brief erections. The majority of cases have an organic etiology, most commonly vascular disease that decreases blood flow into the penis. Regardless of the primary cause, erectile dysfunction can have a negative impact on self-esteem, quality of life and interpersonal relationships. It has many causes, most of which are treatable, and is not an inevitable consequence of aging. 

Erectile dysfunction incidence and prevalence 

An estimated 30 million men in the United States—10% of the male population—experience chronic erectile dysfunction, although as few as 5% seek treatment. It may affect 50% of men between the ages of 40 and 70. Transient lost or inadequate erection affects men of all ages. 

Anatomy of the penis 

The internal structure of the penis consists of two cylinder-shaped vascular tissue bodies (corpora cavernosa) that run throughout the penis; the urethra (tube for expelling urine and ejaculate); erectile tissue surrounding the urethra; two main arteries; and several veins and nerves. The longest part of the penis is the shaft, at the end of which is the head, or glans penis. The opening at the tip of the glans, which allows for urination and ejaculation, is the meatus. 

Physiology of an erection 

The physiological process of erection begins in the brain and involves the nervous and vascular systems. Neurotransmitters in the brain (e.g., epinephrine, acetylcholine, nitric oxide) are some of the chemicals that initiate it. Physical or psychological stimulation (arousal) causes nerves to send messages to the vascular system, which results in significant blood flow to the penis. Two arteries in the penis supply blood to erectile tissue and the corpora cavernosa, which become engorged and expand as a result of increased blood flow and pressure. Because blood must stay in the penis to maintain rigidity, erectile tissue is enclosed by fibrous elastic sheathes (tunicae) that cinch to prevent blood from leaving the penis during erection. When stimulation ends, or following ejaculation, pressure in the penis decreases, blood is released, and the penis resumes its normal shape.

Treating erectile dysfunction

The first step in treating erectile dysfunction is that the individual understands the psychology, physiology and anatomy responsible for the ability to achieve and maintain an erection. If we can comprehend these events than we can better understand the factors that are responsible for erectile dysfunction and address the questions concerning treatment. 

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For further resources about impotence, erectile dysfunction and frigidity, see:

Impotence

How to fight impotence with Virilplant®

Sexual impotence

Causes for impotence

Impotence F.A.Q.

Is impotence only psychological?

All the types of impotence

Arteriogenic impotence

Venogenic impotence

Neurogenic impotence

Impotence from diabetes

Endocrinologic impotence

Psychogenic impotence

How to prevent impotence

Garlic against impotence

Symptoms of impotence

Erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction and penis erection

Erectile dysfunction: definition and prevalence

Knowing erectile dysfunction

Causes for erectile dysfunction 

Types of erectile dysfunction

Treatments for erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction F.A.Q.

Frigidity

How to fight frigidity with Virilplant®

Definition of frigidity

Common causes for frigidity

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Last revision: December 07, 2007

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